Hydraulic air and gas compressor.



- G. P. CARROLL.

PATENTEDAPR. 7, 1908.

HYDRAULIC AIR AND GAS'GOMPRBSSOR.

APPLICATION FILED NOVfl, 1907.

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No. 883,696. PATENTEDAPR.7,1908.

' e. P. CARROLL,

HYDRAULIC A-I'R AND GAS GOMPRESSOR.

APPLIOAT on FILED N v.1 1907.

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TED" APR. 7 1908. G. P. CARROLL. YATES HYDRAULIC AIR AND GAS COMPRESSOR.

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APPLICATION FILED NOV.1,1907.

u FD! m' No. 883,696. PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

G.P.GA RB OLL.

HYDRAULIC AIR AND GAS COMPRESSOR.

APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 1 1907. v

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vvvawtoz 4 No. 883,696. PATENTED APR. 7, 1908. I G. PpGARROLL.

HYDRAULIGAIR ANDGAS COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1, 1907.

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. GEORGE P. CARROLL, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

HYDRAULIC AIR AND GAS COMPRESSOR.

. Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 7, 1908.

Application filed November 1, 1907. Serial No. 400,154.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE P. CARROLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Hydraulic Air and Gas Compressor, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in hydraulic machines for the compression of air and other gases without the employment of piston. rods or pistons in the compressor cylinders. It is intended to afford an apparatus safe from certain dangers and of simple and economical construction. It dispenses with the necessity of the usual water jackets. In addition to two vertical cylin-- ders having inlet and outlet check valves and a four way distributing valve connected with each cylinder, the means employed are a float and gas accelerated check valve in each cylinder for closing the outlet of the cylinder filling up with liquid so that the increased pressure of the liquid opens a spring pressed check valve in connection with such cylinder and actuates a reversing device so as to shift the distributing valve. There are also novel details of construction as will appear. Unless otherwise expressed the word gas as used in the description and claims is to be understood to include air.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a partial front elevation and a partial vertical section of my invention through the line 1-1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a partial plan view and a partial horizontal section of the same structure. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the line 3-3 of the preceding figure. Fig. 4 is a detail view from beneath through the line 44 of Fig. 1. ,Fig. 5 is a detail vertical section through the line 5--5 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail plan view, partly in horizontal section, through the line 66 of the preceding figure. Fig. 7 is a detail elevation, partially in vertical section, of a shiftingdevice as seen from the lower part of the sheet having Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a partial vertical section and a partial back elevation of the same device through the line 88 of the preceding figure. Fig. 9 shows the connections of an alternative construction of a check valve as seen from the front of Fig. 2. Fig. 10 shows the alternative construction of said check valve as seen from the same point of view as Fig. 7. Fig. 11 is a partial plan view and a partial horizontal section through the line l1--11 of Fig. 12 of an alternative construction in place of the piston device of Fig. 8. Fig. 12 is a partial back elevation and a partial vertical section through the line 1212 of the preceding figure.

Considering first Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive: Two chambers 1 and 1 preferably of vertical cylindrical form, are similar in all respects .that of its adjacent plate so as to form a narrow annular ledge on the upper side of the late. The lower end of the outlet is enarged to form a conical valve seat 5 The upper end of the outlet is enlarged to hold and to form a conical seat for a spring grossed outwardly opening check valve 6*.

olted to the top is an annular cap 7*, containing a perforated central bracket 8 serving as a guide for the spindle of the valve 6 and against which its spring abuts at its upper end; The bracket is perforated both to guide the spindle and also for the upward passage of gas. Pipe connections 9 and 9 ead from the caps 7 a and 7 and unite in a common delivery pipe 10.

Occupying and reciprocating in the tolp3 is a flanged float valve 11', having a ho low conical plug 12 adapted to close the outlet 4 when seated on the seat 5*. The flanged part of the valve below and annularly surrounding the plug has one or more, say three, openings 13 whose aggregate area is much less than the cross section area of the liquid inlet into the chamber from beneath as willbe described. But the aggregate area of these openings is greater than the cross section area of the corresponding outlet 4 One or more, say three, longitudinal grooves 14 are cast as a part of the top on its inside. Sliding in these grooves are corresponding guides 15 joined at their upper ends to the circumference of the flange and adapted at their lower ends to rest on the ledge of the plate 2 for support. Tightly secured and forming a part of the under part of the float valve within the circle of its openings 13 is a adjacent top wallofthe top 3 7 Of equal number and in axial alinementwith the openings 13 there are openings 17*.

inthe upper wall of the top 3 passing through bosses 18 provided with stufiing boxes.

which occupies the opening when .the stopper is in its highest position as in Fig. 1 andconically pointed at its lower end. Where eachopene ing passes through its boss, just above the position of the stopper when elevated toits highest position, the opening is of much less diameter so that a spindle 20 threaded at.

its top, passes throughthe boss and stuffing box and is secured to the stopper 19* as a head. Each stopper can then be positioned in a predetermined lower position so as to partiallyclose the opening 13? beneath .it

when the float valve is; lifted to a certain height and to partiallyor whollyclose, as

may be desired, such opening when the valve plug 12 occupies its seat- The upper part of the top 3 is flanged and has a groove 21 (see Fig. 5) running around the outside of the flange. openings 22 corresponding in number and in axial alinement with the openings 17 b and 13 Fitting into each opening22 are pine ion nuts 23 having shoulders resting on the flange and gears above the shoulders; and

they nuts are internally threaded for their,

lengths so as to contain and engage'withthe threaded ends of the spindles 20 An internally threaded hand wheel 24 surrounds the top above its flange and meshes with the pinionnuts 23 Depending from the under side of the hand wheel is a ring projection through which are horizontally inserted say four bolts 25 threaded near their heads but unthreaded at their inner ends so as to travel around in the groove 21 when. the hand wheel is rotated. By this means the internal gearing of the hand wheel is kept enmeshed,

with the pinion nuts. Bolted to the top above the hand wheel are brackets 26 equal in number and having openings .in axial alinement with the pinion nuts 23 and the spindles 20 These brackets hold the pinion nuts in position upon the flange of the top 3 Each bracket and each spindle is longitudinally slotted for the insertion of a feather 27*, which is held by the bracket (see Fig. 6), to causerthe spindleto raise or depress its In. each opening is a depending stop er 19 cylindrical for that part of its lengt In the .flange. are

stopper 19 when the hand wheel rotates the pinion nut.

Threaded into the top 3 so as to connect with the passageA below the seat of the outlet check valve 6 is an inlet cage 28 in which is placed an inwardly opening spring pressed check valve 29 As shown this check 16 opens from the atmosphere. Obviously this check valve and the corresponding check valve for the chamber 1 may both lead from a common inlet pipe belonging to a closed gas circuit.

Bolted to the bottom wall of the chamber 1 is an annular late 30 to which is bolted an elbow 31 etween this and the corresponding elbow 31 and bolted to them is a distributing valve chamber 32 having an inlet 33 from above, an outlet 34 directly under neath and two-way ports 35 and 35 respectively connected with the elbows 31 and 31 Connecting with .the inner ends of the inlet, outlet and two-way ports is a slightly tapering but otherwise cylindrical enlargement in which is positioned a rotary distributing valve 36 secured to a shaft 37, which'is j ournaled in the back wall and passes through and is journaled in the front wall of :the valve chamber, preferably with ball bearings. When the valve is exactly vertical the inlet 33 and the outlet 34 are both closed; In other positions the valveis adapted to transmit liquid under pressure from theinlet into one chamber l or 1 while transmitting exhaust liquid from the other chamber through .theoutlet. The valve is provided with spring-pressed packing strips 38 to prevent leakage between the high pressureand the low pressure sides of the valve. To the end of the shaft 37 projecting from the front of the chamber 32 is secured a gear se ment 39 (see Fig. 8).

n front. of the chamber 32 with its axis horizontal but transverse to the axis of the chamber is a cylinder 40, containing a reciprocating piston 41. Through stufling boxes in the end of the cylinder, piston rods 42? and 42 attached to opposite sides of the piston pass into the atmosphere and have bolted to their outer ends the upwardly bowed ends of a rack 43, which is guided by slots 44 and 44 in the extended heads of the cylinder so as to be always guided and kept in engagement with the gear segment 39. As the piston is forced back and forth it acts through its piston rods, the rack 43, the gear segment 39 and the shaft 37 to rotate the valve 36.

From the chamber 32 between its central enlargement and the outer ends of the twoway ports 35 and 35 respectively proceed pipes 45* and 45? (see Fig. 2) in which are placed check valve chambers 46 and 46 similar in all respect, so that the description of one and its connected parts applies to the like numbered parts and connections of the other. In the chamber 46 a check valve 47 opens outwardly (see Fig. 7 Just beyond the check valve chamber 45 a pipe 48 proceeds from the pipe 45 into one end of the cylinder 40 and just beyond the check valve chamber .46 a pipe 48 proceeds from the pipe 45 into the other end of the cylinder 40. Closing the top of the check valve chamber 46 is a casing 49, the bottom of which is provided with a stufing box through which passes a spindle 50 secured at its lower end to the check valve 47. Secured to the spindle above the stuffing box is a collar 51 against the top of which the lower end of a strong coiled spring 52 abuts. Within the threaded top of the casing is a correspondingly threaded nut 53 adapted for longitudinal adjustment, against the under side ofwhich the coiled spring 52 abuts and through which the spindle 50 is free to ass. p "In the pipe 45 beyond the departure of the pipe 48 is placed a rotary relief valve 54, having a shaft passing out externally from the chamber containing the valve. To the outer end of the shaft is secured a gear segment 55. Bolted to the cylinder 40 is a frame 56 having bearings for the passage of shafts 57 and 57 Near one end of the shaft 57 is secured a short lever 58, pivotally connected at its outer end to the extreme top of the spindle 50. To the other end of the shaft 57 is secured a long lever 59, having at its outer end asmall gear segment 60 meshing with the gear segment 55.

When the check valve 47 is opened by pres sure on its under side, overcoming the spring 52, its spindle 50 acts on the short lever 58, the sh aft 57 the long lever 59, the gear segment 60, and the gear segment 55 to 0 en the relief valve 54 and thus to permit of exhaust liquid escaping from the side of the piston 41 opposite to that against which high pressure liquid is being admitted. The effect of opening of the check valve in the check valve chamber 46 in opening the re lief valve 54 is precisely similar.

A high pressure pipe 61 leads into the inlet 33 and from the outlet 34 an exhaust pipe leads into a tank 63, into which the pipes 45 and 45 flow after uniting. From the tank a triplex power pump 64, such as is preferred for the moderate or high pressures, forces liquid into the pipe 61. This pump may be driven by an electric moter 65 or otherwise.

In the remaining figures the same numbers are applied to arts which are the same as in the preceding gures. Next considering 'the alternative structure of Figs. 9 and 10, bolted to and closing the top of the check valve chamber 66 having the same position in the apparatus as the check valve chamber 46 of the preceding figures, is a lower casing 67, consisting of two parts bolted together, the bottom part of which is provided with a stuffing box through which passes a spindle 68 also passing through and guided by the top of the frame and secured at its lower end to the check valve 47". Secured to the spindle between the top of the lower casing and the stuffing box is an adjustable collar 69 against the top of which the lower end. of a slight coiled spring 70 abuts, while the top of the spring abuts against the under side of the top of the casing. Bolted to the top of the lower casing is an upper casing 71 surmounted by a diaphragm chamber 72 con taining a flexible or resilient diaphragm 73. The top of the spindle 68 passes through the center of the diaphragm and is secured to it by a suitable nut and washers. The bottom of the diaphragm chamber may be open to the atmosphere as shown or may be provided with a stuffing box. In the drawing the diaphragm 73 is shown as having a much larger area than the valve 47". In practice the area of the diaphragm exposed to the action of gas from the pipe 74 and the under side of the valve 47" exposed to the action of liquid from the pipe 45 are made substantially equal. The top of the diaphragm chamber is connected by a small pipe 74 with the pipe 9*" or any other part of the apparatus from which the compressed gas can be lead to the upper side of the diaphragm. Between the diaphragm chamber 72 and the top of the lower casing 67 is adjustably secured by set screws a collar 75 having pins 76 on opposite sides. Pivote-d at its outer forked ends on these pins is a forked short lever 77 secured to the shaft 57. The ac-' tion through this short lever on the relief valve 54 is the same as before.

Finally considering Figs. 11 and 12, the structure here shown may be used as a modification of the structure of Figs. 1 to 8 in clusive, either as modified by Figs. 9 and 10 or as first described, in place of the cylinder 40 and its immediate connections. The shaft 37 extends from the distributing valve chamber 32 through its front wall and through a quadrantal piston chamber .78, into opposite sides of which lead pipes 48" and 48" from the pipes 45 and 45 respectively. Secured-to the shaft 37 which passes through the lower part of the chamber, by a cylindrical sleeve is a rotary piston 79 provided with spring pressed packing strips 80 at its top and similar strips 81 on one side. A spring ressed packing strip 82 in the lower wall of tie chamber also bears against the sleeve of the piston. As the piston is forced either way in the chamber by liquid under pressure from the pipes '48" and 48", it rotates the valve 36 in precisely'the same way as the gear segment 39; and the exhaust liquid flows through the relief valve 54 or 54 as the case may be.

The method of operation is as follows: Where air is to be compressed the motive liquid may be clear water or it may be water containing say two and one half per cent. of glycerin to decrease its friction. Where the machine is used as a part of the refrigerating system for the compression of ammonia gas, the motive liquid should be lubricant mineral oil of low cold test; and the entire circulatory system should be exhausted of air by a vacuum pump before introducing the oil. In either case the supply of motive liquid is introduced into the tank 63. If the structure of Fig. 7 is used, the spring 52" is so adjusted that the check valve 47 will not open until there is applied to its under side, per square'inch of surface exposed, a pressure a little in excess of the pressure exerted by a column of liquid, water or oil as the case may be, of an inch area and of height equal to the difference between the height of the valve seat 5 and the check valve 47 plus the maximum pressure per square inch desired to be maintained in the delivery pipelO and beyond. But if the structure of Fig. 10 is used, the pressure to be maintained in the delivery pipe 10 or beyond is ignored, as it is exerted both above and below the valve; and the spring 7 0 is adjusted to resist simply the pressure of the liquid and to open when that pressure is slightly exceeded.

With the valve 36 in the position shown in Fig. 1, as the pump 64 is started, liquid is forced into the chamber 1 compressing and forcing the gas out past the check valve 6 and keeping the check valve 29 closed. Simultaneously liquid is ebbing from the chamber 1 and gas is being admitted through its inlet check valve so as to eventually fill the chamber. In the chamber 1 when the liquid has risen high enough to lift the float valve 1 l slightly, it brings the openings 13 around the depending stoppers 19 so as to be partially closed. The rising liquid now continues to lift the valve and also to compress the gas, above the surface of the liquid, that is now prevented from escaping through the openings. The tension of this confined gas, constantly becoming greater and greater than the tension of the gas above the float valve, powerfully accelerates the action of the liquid in closing the valve. The force exerted in finally closing the valve is both strong and elastic, its elasticity resulting both from the buoyancy of the valve and from the compressibility of the gas. With the stoppers 19 in proper longitudinal adjustment by a turmingof the hand wheel 24 sufficiently to the right or left, a minimum of residual gas will be left on the under side of the float valve and no liquid will have past above the valve seat 5*. But a little liquid rising above the valve seat will do no harm, as it will fall back when the float valve drops. So even if the liquid rises above the outlet check valve 6 it will flow back when the-check valve opens on the next rise of liquid in the chamber.

When the float valve 11 closes the outlet 4 for an instant the inflowing liquid compresses the residual gas to its final limit. Then the pressure of the liquid on the walls of the chamber and its inflow connection is rapidly approximating the maximum attainable by the pump, But this rising pressure forthwith opens the check valve 47 and admits liquid to the reciprocating piston 41 or the rotary piston 79, depending on whether the structure of Figs. 2, 7 and 8 or of Figs. 11 and 12 is used. The rotary valve 36 is immediately reversed so as to admit liquid under pressure into the chamber 1? and to emit it from the chamber 1 In shifting the piston 41 or 79, the residual gas below the float valve 11 acts as a spring in thrusting the liquid against the piston; and the check valve 47 b remains open until the piston has been sufficiently shifted and the rotary valve has begun to reverse its inlet and outlet discharges. As the liquid falls in the chamber 1 the float valve 11 drops so that its guides 15 again rest on the ledge of the plate 2 the check valve 6 drops to its seat and pre vents any back flow of compressed gas and.

the check valve 29 opens to admit uncompressed gas. The other half of the cycle of operation, in which compressed gas is expelled from the chamber 1*, is precisely similar.

If the stoppers 19 and the cup 16 were eliminated, leaving openings 13 sufficiently smaller than the liquid inlet passage ending in the annular plate 30 the valve plug 12 might be seated by liquid pressure directly and exclusively. But such a closing of the outlet 4 would be with a violent shock, owing to the incompressibility of the motive liquid, affecting prejudicially the durability of the machine; and liquid would be apt to spurt far above the outlet check valve 6 so as to interfere with the proper operation of the system. On the other hand with a simple float valve having free passages through and around it for. the passage of gas until its seating, the closing would be feeble and uncertain, owing to the tendency of the valve to bob up and down in the liquid. This also would permit of liquid shooting up be yond the outlet check valve 6'; and there would be a great liability that the upward rush of liquid would prevent the seating of the valve, causing liquid to fill the delivery pipe 10, and beyond, and preventing pressure being generated to open the check valve 47 l/Vith the usual high speed mechanically actuated piston compressor a water jacket is necessary to remove the heat of compression. And with an'air compressor an insufliciency of cooling water flowing through such a jacket is especially dangerous. oil lubricating the piston becomes too hot it For if the will gasify and the piston and cylinder may 3. In combination a chamber havin an then generate enough heat to ignite the gas outlet, a valve positionable either to a mit and by the consequent explosion to Wreck the machine. There is also a rigldity in a piston compressor that lessens its economy of operation. In my machine all such danger of explosion is made impossible, the slow moving pump plungers are constantly lubricated by the liquid they are pumping, and the compression of the gas is accommodated to the movement of the pump plungers. As the compression is slow, quite a considerable part of the heat radiates into the atmosphere but most of the heat passes into the motive liquid. The liquid is carriedinto the tank 63 and there cools down to atmospheric temperature or thereabouts. The cost of construction of the entire apparatus is much less then that of a mechanically driven piston compressor of equal capacity.

To secure the greatest economy the cylinders 1 and 1 should be made as large as practicable in proportion to their inlet and outlet connections and to the other parts of the apparatus. And these cylinders can best be made of boiler iron or even of cement or concrete construction.

I claim:

1. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is bejing so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

2. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a valve ositionable to admit liquid under pressure mto each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from, the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, means actuated opposition to. a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liq i caused'by the closing o such o le so s to s t off'the furthe supply of liquid and. to os tion sai v lve s as to ad mitliqui un c1? r ss ei totheotherch m ber, means for chamber closed while liquid is being emitted the e o an means o a m tting gas into. that ch mber dur g h m ssion.

eeping the outlet of each I liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber afterliquid has been emitted therefrom, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with llquid, means actuated in opposition to a con stant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, a first check valve for preventin a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a second check into said chamber.

4. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to osition said valve so as to admit liquid und dr pressure into the otherchamber, check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid isbeing emitted therefrom, and lqther check valves opening into each cham- 5. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid,'means actuated in opposition to an adjustable constant ressure by the increased pressure of the liquiclcaused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said valve so as r to omit liquid from said chamber, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being 1 so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

t. In. combination two chambers each having an outlet, a valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the valve opening chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, means actuatedin opposition to an adjustable constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the fur.- ther supply of liquid and to position said valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, means for keeping the outlet of each chamber closed while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

7. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to ad mit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, means actuated in opposition to an adjustable constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing ofsaid outlet so as to shut oil the further supply of liquid and to position said valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, a first check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a'second check valve opening into said chamber.

8. In combination two chambers each havingan outlet, a valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, means actuated in opposition to an adjustable constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said valveso as to admit li uidunder pressure into the other chamber, 0 eck valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber whileliquid is being emitted therefrom, and other check valves opening into each chamber.

9. In combination a chamber having-an outlet, a distributing valve positionable first i to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut 03 sition, a spring pressed check valve connect= ed with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of said. check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed While liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

10. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting oil the further supply of liquid and emitting iquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device positionable to position said valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fiuid under pressure to position said. shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut oil the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet su'lficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping such outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into such chamber during such emission.

11. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit li uid from said chamber, means automatical y operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shiftin device positionable first to position said va ve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioning said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while.liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

12. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further su ply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device positionable to position said valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut ofi the further sup ly of liquid to its connected chamber W en the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufliciently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

13. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device positionable first to position said valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioning said shifting device in its first position, an adjustable spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in itsisecond position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufliciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

14. In combination two chambers each I having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device positionable to position said valve in its alternate positions successively, adjustable spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut oii the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid adnnitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufiiciently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping such outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into such chamber during such emission.

15. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device positionable first to position said valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioningsaid shifting device in its first position, an adjustable spring pressed check valve connected with sald chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

16. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically 0 erative to close the outlet of the chamber t at has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device positionable to position said valve in its alternative positions successively, adjustable spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

17. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein throu h said outlet and secondly to shut off the Iurther supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, means automatically opera-,

tive to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to position said valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for admitting fluid under iplressure to position said shifting device in its rst position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative .to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufliciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid'is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

18. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure to position said valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position saiddistributing' valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping such outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into such chamber during such emission.

19. In, combination a chamber having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off thefurther supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said'chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to position said valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for admitting fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third checkvalve opening into said chamber.

20. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet whilefluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said. distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

21. In con'ibinationv a chamber having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said. chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said. outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, means automatically operative to clcse said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to position said valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for admitting fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its first pcsiticn, an adjustable spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

22. In combination -two chambers each having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been sub stantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure to position said valve in its alternate positions successively, adjustable spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping such outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into such chamber during such emission.

23. In combination a chamber having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, means automatically operative to close said outlet when said chamber has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to posi tion said valve in its first position and secondly in'its second position, means for admitting fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its first position, an adjustable spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing of said outlet sufliciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

24. In combination two chambers each having an outlet, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas con tained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber,

means automatically operative to close the outlet of the chamber that has been substantially so filled with liquid, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure to position said valve in its alternate positions successively, adjustable spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufi iciently to overcome the ,spring of such check valve, other checkvalves for preventing a back flow or gas through the outlets of each chamberwhile liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

25. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to ad- Init such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the rise of liquid in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated in op position to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut ofi the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

26. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributlng valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuatedby the rise of liquid therein to close its outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, means for keeping the outlet of each chamber closed while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission. i

27. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber,

means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the rise of liquid in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shutoff the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, a first check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a second check valve opening into said chamber.

28. In combination two'chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through it's outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the rise of liquid therein to close its outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and other check valves opening into each chamber.

29. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the rise of liquid in said chamberto close said outlet, a shifting device positionable first to position said distributing valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioning said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing sufficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emissionv 30. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting ofi the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the rise of liquid therein to close its outlet, a shifting device'positionable to position said distributing valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping the outlet of each chamber closed while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

31. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the rise of liq-i uid in said chamber to close said outlet, a shifting device positionable first to position said distributingvalve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioning said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve con nected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing sufliciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

32. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a dis tributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the rise of liquid therein to close its outlet, a shifting device positionable to position said distributing valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position saiddistributing valve to'shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid ad mitted into such chamber has been in creased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back fiow of gas through the outlets of each chamber While liquid is being emitted. therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

33. In combination'a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured: to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to eXpel gas contained therein through said outlet and sec-- ondly to shut off the further sup ly of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the rise of liquid in said chamber to close said outlet, a shifting de vice also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to position said distributing valve inits first position and secondly in its second position, means for admitting fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected With said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position When the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing sufficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed While liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

34. In combinatlon two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid. under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet While shuttin off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the rise of liquid therein to close its outlet, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure to position said distributing valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber When the pressure of the liquid. admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for kee ing the outlet of each chamber closed While iquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for ad mitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

35. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such under pressure to position said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and. operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position When the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing sufliciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back floW of gas through said outlet While liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

36. In combination tWo chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to eX- pel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the rise of liquid therein to close its outlet, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and position able through the application of fluid under pressure to position said distributing valve inits alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected With each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber ,When the pressure of the liquid admitted into each chamber has been increasedby the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber While liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

37. In combination a chamber having an outlet from-its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

39. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the compression of gas therein to close its outlet, means actuated by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, means for kee ing the outlet of each chamber closed whi e liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

39. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to-expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid trom said chamber, a first check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, a second check valve opening into said chamber.

40. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated bythe compression of gas therein to close its outlet, means actuated by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber While liquid is being emitted therefrom, and other check valves opening into each chamber.

41. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

42. In combination two chambers each having an. outlet from its upper part, a distributing .valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the compression of gas therein to close its outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply ol liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under ressure into the other chamber, means for ieeping the outlet of each chamber closed while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

43. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for positioning said valve so as to admit such liquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut oil the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, a first check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a second check valve opening into said chamber.

44. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet While emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber acuated by the compression of gas therein to close its outlet, means actuated in opposition to a constant pressure by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and other chack valves opening into each chamber.

45. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut ofl the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said out let, a shifting device positionable first to position said distributing valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioning said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing su'lficiently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means for keeping said outlet closed while liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

46. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper art, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting of? the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the com ression of gas therein to close its outlet, a shi ting device 0- sitionable to position said distributing va ve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further sup ly of liquid to its connected chamber when t e pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufiiciently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping the outlet of each chamber closed while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

4-7. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut ofi the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, a shifting device positionable first to position said distributing valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for positioning said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device inits second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closin sufiiciently to overcome the spring of sai check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said. outlet while liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

48. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the compression of gas therein to close its outlet, a shifting device positionable to position said distributing valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening into each chamber.

49. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured-to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to position said distributing valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for admitting fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to posi tion said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing sufiiciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, means'for keeping said outlet closed While liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

50. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured. to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each. chamber actuated by the compression of gas therein to close itsoutlet, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid'under pressure to position said distributing valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to-position said shifting device so as to position said distributing valve to shut off the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufficiently to overcome the spring of such check valve, means for keeping the outlet of each chamber closed while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

51. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable first to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet and secondly to shut off the further supply of such liquid and to emit liquid from said chamber, a valve actuated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure first to position said distributing valve in its first position and secondly in its second position, means for admiting fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its first position, a spring pressed check valve connected with said chamber and operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device in its second position when the pressure of the liquid admitted into said chamber has been increased by such closing sufliciently to overcome the spring of said check valve, a second check valve for preventing a back flow of gas through said outlet While liquid is being emitted from said chamber, and a third check valve opening into said chamber.

52. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a shaft, a distributing valve secured to said shaft and positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet While shutting off the further supply of liquid and emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the compression of gas therein to close its outlet, a shifting device also secured to said shaft and positionable through the application of fluid under pressure to position said distributing valve in its alternate positions successively, spring pressed check valves connected with each chamber each being operative to admit fluid under pressure to position said shifting device so as to position said distributing'valve to shut oif the further supply of liquid to its connected chamber when the pressure of the liquid admitted into such chamber has been increased by the closing of its outlet sufliciently to overcome the spring of such check valve, other check valves for preventing a back flow of gas through the outlets of each chamber while liquid is being emitted therefrom, and still other check valves opening in to'each chamber.

53. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel gas contained therein through said outlet or to emit liquid from said chamber, means for ositioning said valve so as to admit such iquid into said chamber after liquid has been emitted therefrom, a valve actuated by the rise of liquid and accelerated by the compression of gas in said chamber to close said outlet, means actuated by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of said outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to emit liquid from said chamber, means for keeping said outlet closed While liquid is being so emitted, and means for admitting gas into said chamber during such emission.

541. In combination two chambers each having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable to admit liquid under pressure into each chamber in alternation so as to expel gas contained therein through its outlet while emitting liquid from the other chamber, a valve in each chamber actuated by the rise of liquid and accelerated by the compression of gas therein to close its outlet, means actuated by the increased pressure of the liquid caused by the closing of such outlet so as to shut off the further supply of liquid and to position said distributing valve so as to admit liquid under pressure into the other chamber, means for keepin the outlet of each chamber closed while liquic is being emitted therefrom, and means for admitting gas into that chamber during such emission.

55. In combination a chamber having an outlet from its upper part, a distributing valve positionable either to admit liquid under pressure into said chamber so as to expel 

